Industrial discrete event dynamic systems (DEDSs) are commonly modeled by means of Petri nets (PNs). PNs have the capability to model behaviors such as concurrency, synchronization, and resource sharing, compared a step transition function chart or GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande Etape Transition (GRAFCET) which is particular case PN. However, there not an effective systematic way implement PN i...

The goal of the paper is to present a novel approach to Application Specific Logic Controllers realisations, which is suitable especially for small, embedded system designs. A discrete model of a Logic Controller is derived directly from Control Interpreted Petri Net or related Sequential Function Chart (SFC), and synthesised as a dedicated microsystem. The unified, formal intermediate model is...

As Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are increasingly connected and integrated into the industrial Internet of things, cybersecurity threats to PLCs also increasing. Adversaries can perform a denial service (DoS) attack based on transmission large number network packets, control-logic injection through sophisticated packet transmission. We propose an approach detecting defending against att...

ion Abstraction is a fundamental concept used in all formal verification methods. Abstracting means replacing a concrete object with an abstract one which is more universal, and therefore, often has a simpler structure than before. A well-chosen abstraction simplifies as much as possible, without losing too much information about the concrete object. Abstractions can be used in different ways d...

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are widely applied to control safety critical systems. Efficient formal and non-formal methods to detect faulty behavior have been developed, but finding the cause of the buggy behavior is often still a manual process. Automatic fault localization for PLCs is studied in this paper. Methods for automated debugging are analyzed and compared with respect to ac...

In this paper, we present a predicate abstraction for programs for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) so as to allow for model checking safety related properties. Our contribution is twofold: First, we give a formalization of PLC programs in first order logic, which is then used to automatically derive a predicate abstraction using SMT solving. Second, we employ an abstraction called predica...

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) occupy a big share in automation control. However, hardly any validation tools for their software are available. In this work we present a lightweight verification technique for PLC programs. In particular, static analysis is applied to programs written in Instruction List, a standardized language commonly used for PLC programming. We illustrate how these p...

Many industrial use cases, such as machine diagnostics, can benefit from embedded reasoning, the task of running knowledge-based reasoning techniques on embedded controllers as widely used in industrial automation. However, due to the memory and CPU restrictions of embedded devices like programmable logic controllers (PLCs), state-ofthe-art reasoning tools and methods cannot be easily migrated ...