It would seem that since humanity first began building settlements and creating tools that it has been marching tenaciously upon a path of progress. So intertwined have been the actions of humanity with advancement, that the ages themselves take title from the character of human creation. The Stone Age, The Bronze Age, and the Iron Age are each characterized according to the level of sophistica...

Biomarkers are characteristic biological properties that can be detected and measured in a variety of biological matrices in the human body, including the blood and tissue, to give an indication of whether there is a threat of disease, if a disease already exists, or how such a disease may develop in an individual case. Along the continuum from exposure to clinical disease and progression, expo...

Factors driving freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) influence the severity of impacts and chances for recovery. We hypothesize that spread FSS across ecosystems is a function interactions among five state factors: human activities, geology, flowpaths, climate, time. (1) Human activities drive pulsed or chronic inputs salt ions mobilization chemical contaminants. (2) Geology drives rates eros...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most prevalent disease caused by the inflammatory demyelinating process that causes progressive nervous system degeneration over the time. optical coherence tomography (oct) is a non-invasive optical imaging technology, which can measure the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer as well as the diameter of the macula. the purpose of the study is evaluation oct fin...