Oddly, criminal prohibition can lead to “commoning,” when individuals, left unprotected by state and formal property rights, innovate collective systems access, use, benefit from illegalized resources. “Legalization” entails the conversion of these prohibited commons legal systems, bringing new freedoms liberties as well dispossession collectively generated assets (material, relational, otherwi...

In this paper, an optimization-based approach is proposed using a mixed integer quadratic programming model for the economic dispatch of electrical power generators with prohibited zones of operation. The main advantage of the proposed approach is its capability to solve case studies from the literature to global optimality quickly and without any targeting of solution procedures.

This paper presents a biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm to solve the economic loadDispatch (ELD) problem with generator constraints in thermal plants. The applied method can solvethe ELD problem with constraints like transmission losses, ramp rate limits, and prohibited operatingzones. Biogeography is the science of the geographical distribution of biological species. The modelsof...

Economic power dispatch (EPD) is one of the main tools for optimal operation and planning of modern power systems. To solve effectively the EPD problem, most of the conventional calculus methods rely on the assumption that the fuel cost characteristic of a generating unit is a continuous and convex function, resulting in inaccurate dispatch. This paper presents the design and application of eff...

In this paper, a generalized buck-boost Z-H converter based on switched inductors is proposed. This structure consists of a set of series connected switched-inductor cells. The voltage conversion ratio of the proposed structure is adjusted by changing the number of cells and the duty cycle. Like the conventional Z-H converter, the shoot-through switching state and the diode before LC network ar...