1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

with the growth of more humanistic approaches towards teaching foreign languages, more emphasis has been put on learners’ feelings, emotions and individual differences. one of the issues in teaching and learning english as a foreign language is demotivation. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the components of language learning strategies, optimism, duration o...

in this thesis, a structured hierarchical methodology based on petri nets is used to introduce a task model for a soccer goalkeeper robot. in real or robot soccer, goalkeeper is an important element which has a key role and challenging features in the game. goalkeeper aims at defending goal from scoring goals by opponent team, actually to prevent the goal from the opponent player’s attacks. thi...

آموزش برمبنای ذخیره اطلاعات ، دانشجویان را به عنوان افرادی غیر متفکر وغیرقابل کنترل می پندارد . در همین راستا ، خواندن در سیستم آموزشی برمبنای ذخیره اطلاعات ، مهارتی پنداشته می شود که می توان آن را با یاد گرفتن انفعالی وجداگانه تعدادی از مهارتهای جزیی فراگرفت . درآن سو خواندن در سیستم آموزشی برمبنای طرح مسآله ،به عنوان رفتاری نقادانه تلقی می شود که از طریق آن می توان دنیای فرای کلمات را کشف کرد...