OBJECTIVE To examine the presence of features of sales promotion in cigarette advertising in United States magazines, and to describe trends in youth (ages 12-17) exposure to such advertising (termed "promotional advertising"). DESIGN Analysis of 1980-1993 annual data on: (a) total pages and expenditures for "promotional advertising" (advertising that contains features of sales promotion) in ...

OBJECTIVES Unethical drug promotion is a common problem worldwide. In, Nepal, there is limited vigilance on the quality of information supplied by the drug companies to the doctors. The objectives of this study were to analyze the promotional materials provided by the drug companies as per WHO ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. METHODS Promotional materials present in the Drug Inf...

Purpose – The tourism industry service network (TISN) is considered to be one of the largest components of tourism in the modern Vietnamese economy. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (VNAT) is currently developing a long-term plan to diversify the country’s tourism industry and to improve the destination image of Vietnam. To successfully implement this plan, the Vietnamese tourism ...

Objectives of the Study This study is aimed to present a clear picture of e-invoicing in China, by introducing the whole related process and work that have been carried out or are going to be done in the recent years. Also, it will explore Chinese individual’s attitude towards B2C e-invoicing and the factors that can affect individual’s intention to adoption. Based on those studies, useful sugg...

We consider a supply chain system with a risk-neutral manufacturer as the leader and a risk-averse retailer as the follower in the environment with uncertain demand. At the beginning of the game, the manufacturer makes investment on promotion effort and then the retailer decides his ordering quantity before demand realization. The analysis of equilibrium strategies of this Stackelberg game indi...

In an effort to influence the market make purchasing decisions, promotional activities (promotional mix) are a better strategy combination, and entirely planned achieve sales objectives. Promotion is form of direct persuasion through use various incentives that can be arranged stimulate immediate purchase or increase number goods services by customers consumers. The research method used in this...

To make informed forecasting and replenishment decisions, many companies bring together operational elements of production and distribution with sales and marketing, executing Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) collaborative improvement processes. As cross-functional and consensus-based processes, S&OP activities create value by keeping supply and demand in balance. But most S&OP arrangements...