there are several sources for pressure oscillations in solid propellant rocket motors. oscillatory flow field is one of them. free shear layers in motor flow field cause vortex shedding. end edges of propellant grains and baffle edge in two-segmented motors are samples of such zones. these vortices move from their forming points and strike the field walls. the kinetic energy of vortices change ...

Electric propulsion devices for space applications greatly reduce the propellant mass requirements on a spacecraft in comparison to chemical rockets. To date, gridded ion engines and Hall effect thrusters (HETs) rely on thermionic hollow cathodes to supply electrons for propellant ionization and ion beam neutralization. Hollow cathodes consume up to 10% of the total propellant used in low-power...

The expedient field disposal of excess gun propellants on the ground is an integral part of live-fire training in many countries. However, burning excess propellant in the field will leave significant quantities of energetic residues and heavy metals in the environment. Compounds such as dinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin and metals such as lead will leach into the soil column, eventually migrati...

MAXIFLO-125 Inhaler Each actuation delivers: Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate IP..................6 mcg Fluticasone Propionate IP............................125 mcg Suspended in propellant HFA 134a ...............q.s. MAXIFLO-250 Inhaler Each actuation delivers: Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate IP .................6 mcg Fluticasone Propionate IP...........................250 mcg Suspended in propella...

1 SUMMARY To reduce the frequency of electrically initiated, 20mm munition hangfires (delayed ignitions), a joint Army/NASA investigation was conducted to recommend quality evaluation improvements for acceptance of both primers and gun propellant. This effort focused only on evaluating ignition and combustion performance as potential causes of hangfires: poor electrical initiation of the primer...

Chemical propellants are a type of fuel that commonly used in rocket engines to provide the thrust necessary for space exploration and satellite launches. They composed mixture chemicals react produce hot gas, which is then expelled from engine generate required force. An overview properties applications chemical propellants, including their composition, performance, environmental impact provid...

Unguided reentry capsules are usually involved in ballistic entry. The final states (such as altitude and velocity of parachute activity) depend on initials parameters. Reentry trajectory parameters differently affect the thermal protection system (TPS), required deorbit propellant, and structural load. The purpose of this paper is to optimal design of deorbit parameters to minimize the thermal...