Thorough tests were conducted on video watermarking systems in 2000 [3]. Audio watermarking tests followed and have recently been completed. The process was lengthy, starting in June 2001 and finishing in July 2003. In summary, a list of technical requirements was made ... Calls For Systems were issued ... systems were received ... and then they were tested. Several members of EBU Project Group...

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It is often argued that additional checks and balances provide economic agents with better protection from expropriation of their wealth or productive capital. We demonstrate that in a dynamic political economy model this intuition may be flawed. Surprisingly, increasing the number veto players or the majority requirement for redistribution may reduce property right protection on the equilibriu...

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After the Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) came into operation in 1995 developing countries have found themselves in a process of continual negotiation over intellectual property rights and access to medicines. These negotiations have taken place in the World Trade Organization and in the context of free trade agreements. The paper suggests that the...

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introduction one of the most important factors that encourages consumers to purchase goods or use services, and make them choose one of them among various goods and services, is the design of products and services or their packaging. due to this importance, intellectual property rights protect the design of goods and services or their packaging. however, this protection is not limited to one br...

at avoid violating the intellectual property rights of criminal policy aimed atmaintaining the original sarfkry including scientific , literary, artistic , scientificand literary alleged theft of public telecommunications law in 1304 officiallystarted. but more important than protecting the rights , property types andprinciples of its formation , validity, legitimacy and credibility of the syst...

This paper studies the regional differences of intellectual property rights (IPRs), revealing IPRs protection’s regional difference in China. By introducing “implementation effect” to adjust G-P Index, it can be realized that China’s IPRs protection have been steadily improved, and there has been obvious and steady differences in IPRs. Developed districts have higher protection level of IPRs th...

“Intellectual property protection is important, but, almost of necessity, imperfect. It is harder and therefore more costly to define than conventional property, and by the same token, it is costlier to enforce intellectual property rights. In some cases, the inventor gets more than his marginal contribution, in other cases, less. Intellectual property protection strengthens dynamic efficiency ...