Cytosine glycols (5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrocytosine) are initial products of cytosine oxidation. Because these products are not stable, virtually all biological studies have focused on the stable oxidation products of cytosine, including 5-hydroxycytosine, uracil glycols and 5-hydroxyuracil. Previously, we reported that the lifetime of cytosine glycols was greatly enhanced in double-stranded DN...

Currently short-chain polyols such as ethanediol, propanediol, and butanediol are produced either from the petroleum feedstock or from the starch-based food crop feedstock. In this study, a combinational process of enzymatic hydrolysis with catalytic hydrogenolysis for short-chain polyols production using corn stover as feedstock was developed. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated corn st...

Article history: Received 26 December 2010 Received in revised form 31 January 2011 Accepted 2 February 2011 Available online 5 March 2011

Целлюлоза - самый распространённый биополимер на Земле. Данный ресурс возобновляем, не имеет пищевой ценности для человека и ежегодно синтезируется в природе огромных масштабах, способных полностью удовлетворить потребности сырье современной химической топливной промышленности. Благодаря наличию структуре целлюлозы большого количества гидроксильных групп, одними из самых оптимальных вариантов е...

Abstract In recent years, there has been a trend toward replacing petrochemical raw materials with so-called “bio” plastics, i.e. plastics from renewable sources. Herein, the susceptibility of degradation in compost heap three types packaging polyesters, by means PET and biobased PEF PLA, other thermoplastic polyesters more methylene groups (three six) bio—(PTF PHF, respectively) petrochemicall...

High throughput methodologies screened 81 different metal salts and metal salt combinations as catalysts for the carboxylation of propylene glycol to propylene carbonate, as compared to a 5 mol% Zn(OAc)2/p-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid benchmark catalyst. The reactions were run with added acetonitrile (MeCN) as a chemical water trap. Two new catalysts were thereby discovered, zinc trifluoromethan...

We have studied the generation of reactive oxygen species during the metabolism of a carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene, by human mammary epithelial cells. We have quantitated the production of one type of oxidative DNA damage, thymine glycols, by using a monoclonal antibody specific to this base modification. Thymine glycols were produced in DNA in a dose-dependent manner after exposure of human mamma...

To avoid the systemic adverse effects that might occur after oral administration, transdermal delivery of ambroxol was studied as a method for maintaining proper blood levels for an extended period. Release of ambroxol according to concentration and temperature was determined, and permeation of drug through rat skin was studied using two chamber-diffusion cells. The solubility according to PEG ...