background: intestinal parasites are still a serious public health problem in the world, especially in developing countries. this study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal protozoa infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in sanandaj city, iran. methods: this cross-sectional study involving 400 schoolchildren was carried out in 2015. each student was selected using s...

the major aim of this study was to compare the morphology and activity of rumen protozoa of khuzestan water buffalo and holstein cow using in vitro digestibility and gas production parameters of steam treated sugarcane pith. rumen fluid obtained from two buffalo and cow steers fed the same diet, 30:70 concentrate: forage. to separate rumen protozoa, antibiotic solution and fungicides were added...

Pathogenic parasites including helminths and protozoa are responsible for foodborne diseases in developed developing countries. Reports of waterborne protozoan infections very rare. Food zoonotic their transmission stages listed this review it is aimed to give brief information about the food-borne protozoa.

A continuous culture system suitable for maintaining certain rumen protozoa was developed by modifying the procedure of Walter and Pilgrim (R.A. Weller and A.F. Pilgrim, Br. J. Nutr. 32:341-351, 1974) to include a dialyzing system. The concentration of ciliate protozoa, the pH value, and concentrations of volatile fatty acid and ammonia-N could be maintained within normal rumen limits for more ...

The notion of electronic or digital commerce is gaining widespread popu larity. For the most part, these developments are being led by industry and government, with academic research following these trends in the form of empirical and economic research. Much more fundamental improvements to (global) commerce are possible but are presently being overlooked for lack of adequate formal theories, r...

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EcO157), an agent of life threatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome, resides in ruminants and is released in feces at numbers as high as 10 million cells/gram. EcO157 could survive in manure for as long as 21 months, but we observed a 90% decrease in cells of an outbreak strain of EcO157 within half a day in wastewater from dairy lagoons. Although chemical, environmental a...

Recent studies have identified a phenomenon in which ciliated protozoa engulf Salmonella and the intra-protozoal environment hyperactivates virulence gene expression and provides a venue for conjugal transfer of antibiotic resistance plasmids. The former observation is relegated to Salmonella bearing the SGI1 multiresistance integron while the latter phenomenon appears to be a more generalized ...

T HE role of rumen protozoa in ruminant metabolism has received increasing attention during the past few years. Increased rates of gain by lambs containing protozoa compared to protozoa-free lambs were reported by Abou Akkada and el-Shazly (1964) and Yoder et al. (1964), who demonstrated that certain rations are more readily digested by faunated than by defaunated lambs. Greater rumen ammonia c...