fascioliasis is a worldwide parasitic disease in human and domestic animals. the causative agents of fascioliasis are fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. in the recent years, fasciola resistance to drugs has been reported in the many of publications. fasciola spp has detoxification system including gst enzyme which may be responsible for its resistance. therefore , the aim of the study wa...

PURPOSE The psychobiological model of endurance performance proposes that the perception of effort is the ultimate determinant of endurance performance. Therefore, any physiological or psychological factor affecting the perception of effort will affect endurance performance. Accordingly, this novel study investigated the effects of a frequently used psychological strategy, motivational self-tal...

Existential, neurobiological and cognitive models of addictive behavior are considered as a theoretical basis for transformational therapy disorders. The NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, which has neurotrophic, modulatory psychedelic effects, demonstrates the universal properties transforming agent any presented concepts behavior. Since persistent mental behavioral changes essentially psychob...

The chapters in this section address a large group of behaviors including psychopathological syndromes, trait dimensions, and a variety of specific deficits. Examples perspective taking. Historically, disinhibitory behavior has been ascribed to willful misbehavior and debate continues with respect to the legitimacy of regarding disinhibitory syndromes as psychopathology For many, establishing a...

angiogenesis or formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature is a key process in some physiological conditions such as wound healing, growth, and action of female reproductive organs. moreover, disturbance of the mechanisms of physiological angiogenesis has a role in pathogenesis of some diseases in the form of overproliferation of blood vessels such as cancers, psoriasis, arthri...

Many novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the recreational drug scene in recent years, yet the problems they cause are similar to those found with established drugs. This article will debate the psychobiological effects of these newer and more traditional substances. It will show how they disrupt the same core psychobiological functions, so damaging well-being in similar ways. Every...

BACKGROUND Non-drug factors such as ambient temperature can heighten the adverse effects of MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine) in animals. We assessed whether dancing and feeling hot on Ecstasy would be associated with more psychobiological problems in recreational users. METHODS In an internet study, 206 unpaid participants (modal age 16-24) reported that they had used recreational Ecst...