1 Crossed Modules and Cat1-Groups 4 1.1 Pre-crossed and Crossed Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Examples of Crossed Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Properties of Crossed Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Sub-crossed modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

applications of hypergroups have mainly appeared in special subclasses. one of the important subclasses is the class of polygroups. in this paper, we study the notions of nilpotent and solvable polygroups by using the notion of heart of polygroups. in particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition between nilpotent (solvable) polygroups and fundamental groups.

In this paper we introduce fuzzy congruence and fuzzy strong congruence of semi-hypergroups as well as polygroups. We obtain some results in this respect. We also prove that FC(H), the set of all fuzzy strong congruences on a polygroup H , consists a complete lattice and this lattice is isomorphic to FN (H), the lattice of fuzzy normal subpolygroups.

Vegetative growth signaling of the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is mediated by GpaA (Gα). FlbA is a regulator of G protein signaling, which attenuates GpaA-mediated growth signaling in this fungus. The flbA deletion (ΔflbA) and the constitutively active GpaA (GpaA(Q204L)) mutants exhibit enhanced proliferation, precocious autolysis, and reduced asexual sporulation...

We study in detail the blow-up procedure described in [BTW01]. We obtain a structure theorem for coreless polygroups as a double quotient space G/H, and a polygroup chunk theorem. Seeking to remove the arbitrary parameter needed for the blow-up, we find canonical ∅-invariant groupoids G > H analogous to G and H above, and show that H contains precisely all the arbitrary choices related to the b...

In the present study, we examined the role in hematopoiesis of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1), which transports L-arginine, L-lysine, L-ornithine, and L-histidine. The expression level of human CAT1 (hCAT1) mRNA in mononuclear cells (MNCs) fractionated according to lineage-selective markers was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of CAT1 in glyc...

OBJECTIVE To observe the intracochlear behavior of a cochlear implant electrode insertion technique (called "pullback") in temporal bones. Study Design. Experimental. Settings. Tertiary referral center. METHOD The change of the intracochlear electrode position was investigated under various conditions of an electrode pullback (N = 54) in 9 radiologically, size-estimated temporal bones (TBs). ...

at present paper, we establish the existence of pullback $mathcal{d}$-attractor for the process associated with non-autonomous partly dissipative reaction-diffusion equation in $l^2(mathbb{r}^n)times l^2(mathbb{r}^n)$. in order to do this, by energy equation method we show that the process, which possesses a pullback $mathcal{d}$-absorbing set, is pullback $widehat{d}_0$-asymptotically compact.

Introduction: Endovenous laser treatment (ELT) is a new treatment method for the reflux of the great saphenous vein. A successful ELT is dependent on the selection of optimum parameters required to achieve optimal vein damage while avoiding side effects including skin burns. The mathematical modeling of ELT can be used to understand the process of ELT. This study was conducted to examine the ef...

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) has been applied to catalytic metal-free hydrogenation. Can the FLP reactivity be used for catalytic hydroamination? Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have explored whether the molecules cat1-cat3, which were previously designed by integrating the dearomatization-aromatization effect and the FLP reactivity, can catalyze the intramolecular hydro...