BACKGROUND: Determining the clinical significance of cardiac murmurs is widely considered in equine practice. Pulmonary murmurs are commonly detected in athletic horses. Echocardiography plays a leading role in assessment of these murmurs. OBJECTIVES: Echocardiographic evaluation of horses with pulmonary regurgitation and determining the importance of pulmonary valve murmurs. METHODS: A total n...

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence and the characteristics of physiological valve regurgitation. DESIGN Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography, continuous wave Doppler echocardiography and Doppler colour flow mapping were performed prospectively in healthy volunteers. SETTING Echocardiography laboratory in a city hospital. PATIENTS 32 consecutive healthy volunteers (age 21-49 years, mean age...

introduction tetralogy of fallot (tof) in the absent of pulmonary valve is a rare congenital anomaly (3%of tof patients). case presentation we are presenting an 18- year-old male with history of dyspnea on exertion and cyanosis since childhood. despite the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, no intervention was done due to his poor socioeconomic culture. at age of 18, he referred to our cent...

Premature opening of the pulmonary valve (opening independent of atrial or ventricular systole) was originally described in a case of sinus of Valsalva rupture into the right atrium. Since that time we have observed five additional cases in which the pulmonary valve opened prematurely. Entities encountered included: 1) constrictive pericarditis; 2) Loeffler's endocarditis; 3) Ebstein's anomaly ...

Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is generally a rare lesion, and there is no definitive approach for it. We report the case of a 45-year-old man who was admitted for the evaluation of dyspnea. In childhood, he had been diagnosed with PAA with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis and regurgitation, and he had a percutaneous transvenous pulmonary valve commissurotomy. Transthoracic echocardiogram s...

Background The quantification of valvular regurgitation by CMR is usually a second-line diagnostic tool that is used when echocardiography has proven inconclusive. According to guidelines are aortic and mitral regurgitations considered severe if the regurgitation volume > 60 ml and regurgitation fraction > 50 %. Regurgitation of a single heart valve may be calculated by comparing LVSV and RVSV ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate patients presenting with Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome to a tertiary care hospital and their surgical management. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at Congenital Cardiac Services, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, and comprised data of Tetralogy of Fallot patients between April 2007 and June 2012. Data was analysed to...

bifid cardiac apex is a rare anomaly of human hearts. we report of the case of a 34-year-old man with a previous history of ventricular septal defect (vsd) and subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. he had undergone pulmonary commissurotomy and vsd closure 22 years before he was referred to our center for evaluation of progressive dyspnea. transthoracic echocardiography revealed atrial septal defect (...

Introduction Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is regarded as the gold standard for evaluation of left and right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. Assessment of valve regurgitation can be performed by flow measurement in the great arteries for the aortic and pulmonary valve. Subtraction of ventricle stroke volume and flow measurement in the affiliated great artery results in reg...