a time-domain approach is presented to calculate electromagnetic fields inside a large electromagnetic pulse (emp) simulator. this type of emp simulator is used for studying the effect of electromagnetic pulses on electrical apparatus in various structures such as vehicles, a reoplanes, etc. the simulator consists of three planar transmission lines. to solve the problem, we first model the meta...

In this paper, the evaluation of time profile of a femtosecond pulse laser propagated through biological tissues is studied. The majority of the biological tissues with a high scattering anisotropy must be considered as turbid media, that their optical responses are complicated. To study the propagation of ultra-short pulse in turbid media, the diffuse equation is used. In this study, the analy...

background: to manage relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis (ms) in the course of acute exacerbations, methylprednisolone (mp) (medrol or solu‑medrol), has the ability to lock the injured blood‑brain barrier and decrease irritation in the central nervous system. the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the frequency and time interval related to mp pulse therapy in patients with ms....

nanocomposite materials, including noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric host medium, are interesting because of their optical properties linked to surface plasmon resonance phenomena. for studding of nonlinear optical properties and/or energy transfer process, these materials may be excited by ultrashort pulse laser with a temporal width varying from some femtoseconds to some hund...

the micro wire electrical discharge machining (micro wire-edm) process is a modern machining process with various applications in manufacturing micro-parts. the recast layer remaining on the machined surfaces is an inevitable complication of this process. this layer can subsequently affect the machined parts performance. to optimize the recast layer in the micro wire-edm of the molybdenum micro...

One of the main controlling parameters in diesel engine combustion is the fuel – air mixing process that has direct effects on engine performance and pollutant emissions, reviewing over previous literature showed that split injection strategies could satisfy this purpose very well. For the first time and in this paper, pilot and double injection strategies were combined and formed new triple in...

this article proposes a direct method for solving three types of integral equations with time delay. by using operational matrix of integration, integral equations can be reduced to a linear lower triangular system which can be directly solved by forward substitution. numerical examples shows that the proposed scheme have a suitable degree of accuracy.