PURPOSE To evaluate the changes in pupil size after implantation of an iris-supported toric phakic intraocular lens (TPIOL) for correction of myopia and hyperopia with astigmatism. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. METHODS Twenty-two myopic eyes and 9 hyperopic eyes were included in the study. The mean age of the 2 groups was 34 years and 40...

It is well known that the measuring of pupil size is influenced by noises and blinking. This paper describes the development of an estimation model of pupil size for ’blink artifact’ which is based on a 3 layered perceptron with back propagation method. The model was trained by pupil responses with artificial blinks. It was found that pupil size during the blink period could be estimated accord...

The present study investigates individual differences in pupil dilation during standard word naming. We looked at (i) how individual subjects’ pupil size changes over the course of time and (ii) how well pupil size is predicted by the frequency of the stimuli. The time course of the pupil size was analysed with generalized additive modeling. The results show large individual variations in the p...

Pupil size, as a component of orienting, changes rapidly in response to local salient events in the environment, in addition to its well-known illumination-dependent modulation. Recent research has shown that visual, auditory, or audiovisual stimuli can elicit transient pupil dilation, and the timing and size of the evoked responses are systematically modulated by stimulus salience. Moreover, w...

PURPOSE The authors examined the circadian change of basal pupil size in light-dark entrained normal rabbits and in entrained rabbits with unilaterally decentralized ocular sympathetic nerves. The pattern of the circadian pupillary rhythm was compared with the circadian patterns of intraocular pressure (IOP) and body temperature in the same rabbits. METHODS Adult male New Zealand albino rabbi...

A number of studies have shown that pupil size increases transiently during effortful decisions. These decision-related changes in pupil size are mediated by central neuromodulatory systems, which also influence the internal state of brain regions engaged in decision making. It has been proposed that pupil-linked neuromodulatory systems are activated by the termination of decision processes, an...

Empathic responses underlie our ability to share emotions and sensations with others. We investigated whether observed pupil size modulates our perception of other's emotional expressions and examined the central mechanisms modulated by incidental perception of pupil size in emotional facial expressions. We show that diminishing pupil size enhances ratings of emotional intensity and valence for...

Pupil dilations of the eye are known to correspond to central cognitive processes. However, the relationship between pupil size and individual differences in cognitive ability is not as well studied. A peculiar finding that has cropped up in this research is that those high on cognitive ability have a larger pupil size, even during a passive baseline condition. Yet these findings were incidenta...