OBJECTIVES To determine thresholds for the fetal renal pelvic anterior-posterior diameter (APD) predicting postnatal clinically relevant pelvicaliceal dilatation. METHODS One hundred and forty-eight infants whose prenatal sonography had identified an isolated uni- or bilateral fetal APD of > or = 4 mm before 33 and/or > or = 7 mm after 33 weeks' gestational age were investigated postnatally. ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether sonographic "markers" are associated with fetal Down syndrome during the second trimester and to estimate the degree of risk of individual markers using likelihood ratios. METHODS Second-trimester (14-20 weeks) sonographic findings in 186 fetuses with trisomy 21 were compared with a control group of 8728 consecutive control fetuses. Six markers were evaluated: n...

OBJECTIVE To establish guidelines for postnatal referral of fetuses presenting with mild pyelectasis in the second trimester of pregnancy. METHODS In a retrospective study, 87 fetuses with a renal pelvis anteroposterior (RPAP) diameter of > or = 4 mm and < or = 10 mm before 28 weeks of gestation were included. All patients had a third-trimester scan and fetuses with an RPAP diameter of > or =...

A female with suspected Down syndrome was born by vaginal delivery at 37 weeks 2 days’ gestation to a mother with a history of Type A2 gestational diabetes mellitus. Routine prenatal testing consisted of a non-invasive screening test for aneuploidy. Results, presented in Table 1, indicated an aneuploidy for trisomy of chromosome 21, indicating an increased risk for Down syndrome. Prenatal confi...

Genetic ultrasonography refers to the evaluation of risk of chromosomal abnormalities via various soft sonographic markers. Although the maternal serum test is the primary screening method for chromosomal abnormalities, genetic ultrasonography is also widely used and can help increase detection rates. To date, many soft markers, including choroid plexus cysts, echogenic intracardiac foci, mild ...