We conduct an empirical analysis of the technical efficiency of cars sold in Germany in 2010. The analysis is performed using traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) as well as directional distance functions (DDF). The approach of DDF allows incorporating the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions as an environmental goal in the efficiency analysis. A frontier separation approach is used to ...

In the past 10–15 years, innovations in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have fueled a boom in the production of natural gas from geological formations that were previously unprofitable. The rapid deployment of fracking has been accompanied by concerns about negative externalities. In response, a regulatory regime has emerged that requires disclosure of chemical additives, but prese...

Environmental crimes are unauthorized acts against the environment that are subject to criminal prosecution and sanction. While their deterrence e¤ect is largely unknown, policy is moving rapidly towards strengthening the role of criminal sanctioning in the context of environmental crime. This paper provides new evidence on the e¤ects of the use of criminal sanctions in environmental policy mak...

This project links administrative census microdata to spatially continuous measures of particulate pollution (PM2.5) first document and then decompose the key drivers convergence in black-white exposure differences. We use quantile regression show that a significant portion Black-White is attributable differential impacts Clean Air Act (CAA) Black White communities. Areas with larger population...

Firms sometimes comply with externality-correcting policies by gaming the measure that determines policy. This harms buyers eroding information, but it benefits them when cost savings are passed through into prices. We develop a model highlights this tension and use to analyze of automobile carbon emission ratings in EU. document startling increases using novel data. then effects calibrated sim...

abstract almost, the traditional comparative advantage indices especially employment, value added and profitability are considered in all studies in the context of regional comparative advantage. while the study of comparative advantage, regardless of the sustainable development indices is a flawed study. therefore, in this study, in the first stage, iranian provinces are ranked according to em...

We use variation in weather to study the long-term effects of activism during original Earth Day on attitudes, environmental outcomes, and children’s health. Unusually bad April 22, 1970 is associated with weaker support for environment 10 20 years later, particularly among those who were school aged 1970. Bad also higher levels carbon monoxide air greater risk congenital abnormalities infants ...

Historically, improvements in municipal water quality led to substantial mortality decline today’s wealthy countries. However, disinfection has not consistently produced large benefits lower-income We study this issue by analyzing a large-scale program Mexico that increased chlorination coverage urban areas from 58 percent over 90 within 18 months. estimate the reduced childhood diarrheal disea...

Electric vehicles have a unique potential to transform personal transportation. We analyze this transition with dynamic model capturing falling costs of electric vehicles, decreasing pollution from electricity, and increasing vehicle substitutability. Our calibration the US market shows gasoline is not optimal at current substitutability: production ban would large deadweight loss. At higher su...