Certification terminology In February 1994, the AOA Board of Trustees adopted the following standardized definitions of certification and eliminated certificates of special recognition. General Certification (formerly “Primary Certification”): The primary certification conferred on diplomates who meet the requirements in a specified field of medical practice under the jurisdiction of a certifyi...

The purpose of this article is to explore the development of qualifications frameworks as a key element in the Bologna process, which aims to develop a European Higher Education Area by 2010. By setting up descriptors of learning outcomes, a European qualifications framework is intended as an instrument that enables Europe to coordinate and exchange qualifications. Furthermore, the article anal...

Individual copy price: £5 The Centre for the Economics of Education is an independent research centre funded by the Department of Education and Employment. The view expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Education and Employment. All errors and omissions remain the authors. Executive Summary Previous work looking at the retu...

Aligning tertiary institute courses and programmes with internationally recognised industry qualifications has been the subject of various publications (Atkins 2002, Gutierrez and Tawa, 2003) and has engendered much debate among academics for several years now; e.g. Strategic Industry Qualifications Forum: NACCQ 14th Annual Conference 2001 at EIT. This initiative is not unique to the Informatio...