In this paper, the Black–Scholes equation is solved using a new technique. This scheme derived by combining Laplace transform method and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) strategy. The qualitative properties of are discussed, it shown that positive, stable, consistent when low volatility assumed. efficiency demonstrated numerical example.

We respond to several important and valid concerns about our study (‘‘The Prevalence of Folk Dualism in Early China,’’ Cognitive Science 35: 997–1007) by Klein and Klein, defending our interpretation of our data. We also argue that, despite the undeniable challenges involved in qualitatively coding texts from ancient cultures, the standard tools used throughout the cognitive sciences—large quan...

We suggest that one of the main purposes of modelling is to explore the potential dynamical behaviours a system can display. Within this view, we aim to discriminate model behaviours which appear to be qualitatively different given a problem at hand. This approach fits nicely within a pre-cautionary approach to ecological and social problems aimed to inform policy-makers on the range of scenari...