The concept system around ‘quantity’ and ‘quantity value’ is fundamental for measurement science, but some very basic issues are still open on such concepts and their relations. This paper proposes a duality between quantities and quantity values, a proposal that simplifies their characterization and makes it consistent.

There has been unprecedented public investment in sequencing human and cancer genomes in the hopes of understanding disease [1, 2]. At the same time, large genome-wide association studies have helped elucidating the genetic underpinning of common diseases, identifying thousands of putative disease relevant loci [7, 8]. Complementary molecular profiling studies have revealed that several of thes...

microorganisms constitute more than half of the earth's biomass and in addition to quantity,they represent great diversity. in january 2013, the number of officially registered names forprokaryotic microorganisms at the genus and species levels were, respectively, approximately2100 and 12000. current authorized methods for classification and identification of newmicrobial taxa are polyphasic ap...