citizenship is one of the most important sociopolitical concepts that have full of ups and downs along the history and thinkers and scholars interested in socio culture issues have been challenged and discussed since ancient times. this concept consists of a set of rights and obligations that member of society have in related to each other, entities, and society. the aim of the research is to i...

We develop the Sparse Approximate Matrix Multiply (SpAMM) n-body solver for first order Newton Schulz iteration of the matrix square root and inverse square root. The solver performs recursive two-sided metric queries on a modified Cauchy-Schwarz criterion (octree-occlusion-culling in the ijkcube), yielding a bounded relative error in the matrix-matrix product and reduced complexity for problem...

The pseudodeterminant pdet(M) of a square matrix is the last nonzero coefficient in its characteristic polynomial; for a nonsingular matrix, this is just the determinant. If ∂ is a symmetric or skewsymmetric matrix then pdet(∂∂t) = pdet(∂)2. Whenever ∂ is the kth boundary map of a self-dual CWcomplex X, this linear-algebraic identity implies that the torsion-weighted generating function for cel...

Define quantified S4, QS4 [first-order S4, FOS4], by combining the axioms and rules of inference of propositional S4 with the axioms and rules of classical first order logic without identity [with identity]. In the 1950’s, Rasiowa and Sikorski extended the algebraic semantics for propositional S4 to a constant-domain algebraic semantics for QS4, and showed that QS4 is sound and complete for thi...

Abstract. Precise efforts in theoretical astrophysics are needed to fully understand the mechanisms that govern the structure, stability, dynamics, formation, and evolution of differentially rotating stars. Direct computation of the physical attributes of a star can be facilitated by the use of highly compact azimuthal and separation angle Fourier formulations of the Green’s functions for the l...