This paper investigates the role of a goal parameter in semantics. On the one hand, goals are necessary for a semantics of questions and answers. On the other hand, the eeect of underlying perlocutionary goals on information in context can be modelled as an issue or question-under-discussion. A logic, update semantics with questions (USQ), is presented that combines update semantics with a part...

The use of a Classroom Response System (CRS) was evaluated in two sections, A and B, of a large lecture microbiology course. In Section B the instructor used the CRS technology at the beginning of the class period posing a question on content from the previous class. Students could earn extra credit if they answered the question correctly. In Section A, the class also began with an extra credit...

Autophagy is a major catabolic process responsible for the delivery of proteins and organelles to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. Malfunction of this pathway has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions. Different organelles have been found to contribute to the formation of autophagosomes, but the exact mechanism mediating this process remains obscure. Here, we show that lipid ...

The paper discusses the use of a Question and Answer section of a Discussion Board on a computer-mediated web conferencing tool, and the way in which this facility fits with ideas of social learning. A description will be provided of how learning was developed through questions and answers in this subject and insights will be shared regarding the various uses of this facility by the students. I...