Years of EU fishing catch restrictions have failed to stem the decline of many once abundant species in the northeast Atlantic and fishermen and conservationists are pressing for change.

OBJECTIVES Responding to the serious shortage of physicians in rural areas, the Japanese government has aggressively increased the number of entrants to medical schools since 2008, mostly as a chiikiwaku, entrants filling a regional quota. The quota has spread to most medical schools, and these entrants occupied 16% of all medical school seats in 2016. Most of these entrants were admitted to me...

In a regression model, the joint distribution for each finite sample of units is determined by a function px.y/ depending only on the list of covariate values xD .x.u1/,. . .,x.un// on the sampled units. No random sampling of units is involved. In biological work, random sampling is frequently unavoidable, in which case the joint distribution p.y,x/ depends on the sampling scheme. Regression mo...

We quantify the intertemporal impact of a renewable quota on CO2 emissions, pollution and welfare. We find that a quota substitutes investments in baseload technologies. Therefore quotas have little impact on CO2 and pollution in systems that expand baseload with hydro. We also find that quotas can be quite expensive and their impact is highly nonlinear. With detailed data on Chile’s system we ...

During the month of Ramadan, people choose not to donate blood, because they do know that blood donation is allowed and does interfere with fasting activities. The amount available at beginning Ramadan Blood Donation Unit in Indonesian Red Cross Rembang Regency accumulated as many 373 bags blood. availability only sufficient meet needs for first week during Ramadan. Purpose research describe pr...

In this paper, we show that 23 is the minimal quota that guarantees the transitivity of a complete majority relation. We argue that this quota is important for the process of negotiation that may take place when a group has to take a clear-cut decision under a specific quota-rule.

According to conventional wisdom, raising the quota either causes a committee to retain the status quo or has no effect on its performance; so a committee which would otherwise reach good decisions should operate with a low quota. We show, per contra, that reducing the quota may improve the quality of new decisions which a private committee reaches. In particular, it is optimal to reduce the qu...

The central question addressed in this paper is whether the presence of the MFA made the NAFTA politically more acceptable. Assuming that the government maximizes a weighted sum of welfare and producer profits, we derive four key results. First, taking the initial level of trade restriction as exogenously given, it is possible for an FTA to be endorsed by both parties under the MFA-like quota i...

Weighted voting games provide a popular model of decision making in multiagent systems. Such games are described by a set of players, a list of players’ weights, and a quota; a coalition of the players is said to be winning if the total weight of its members meets or exceeds the quota. The power of a player in such games is traditionally identified with her Shapley– Shubik index or her Banzhaf ...