A ballasted railway track system comprises several components among which steel rails, rail fasteners, timber, steel or concrete sleepers, granular ballast, sub-ballast, and subgrade materials are the main parts. Railway track systems are constructed to provide a smooth and safe running surface for passenger or freight trains. They are designed to sustain the force of lateral, longitudinal and ...

Accession of the Republic of Poland to the European Union (EU) has committed Poland to adopt, among others, policy of opening up the market of products and services in the area of rail transport. Follow decision about the opening of the EU market and transport services for rail transport, the European Parliament and of the Council have introduced a number of safety and interoperability directiv...

A study of community annoyance caused by exposures to railway noise was carried out in 18 areas along railway lines to accumulate social survey data and assess the relationship between railway noise levels and annoyance responses in Korea. Railway noise levels were measured with portable sound-level meters. Social surveys were administered to people living within 50 m of noise measurement sites...

China’s railway network is one of the largest railway networks in the world. By the end of 2016, the total length of railway in operation reached 124,000 km and the annual freight volume exceeded 3.3 billion tons. However, the structure of network does not completely match transportation demand, i.e., there still exist a few bottlenecks in the network, which forces some freight flows to travel ...

the main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. therefore, railway track desig...

In this paper, we present a method and an associated tool suite for formal verification of the new ETCS level 2 based Danish railway interlocking systems. We have made a generic and reconfigurable model of the system behavior and generic high-level safety properties. This model accommodates sequential release – a feature in the new Danish interlocking systems. The generic model and safety prope...

Historically, changes in transport infrastructures have produced a progressive contraction of space, in the sense that travel times have been shortened and transport costs have been reduced. Improvement of transportation networks reduces interaction costs, increases the overall competitiveness of the system and allows for more specialization such that economies of scale and specialization benef...

It’s very important for environment simulation in the three-dimensional railway line selection and design, and the establishment of three-dimensional landscape model impacts the fidelity of simulation environment directly. The paper studied. Of the 3D landscape modeling methods and key technologies. The paper achieved three-dimensional modeling of railway line used bi-cubic coons model, realize...

For the Round Table participants, the idea implicit in the separation between infrastructure manager and providers of transport services in the rail sector is actually to end another form of separation, namely that between the railways and the transport market. Many experts think that a single national railway undertaking is far too rigid to be able to develop a full range of products capable o...