In this paper, the Raindrop Size Distribution (DSD) modeling and analysis are presented. Drop sizes are classified into different rain types, namely: drizzle, widespread, shower and thunderstorm. The gamma and Lognormal distribution models are employed using the method of moments estimator, considering the third, fourth and sixth order moments. The results are compared with the existing raindro...

The Lin-hail microphysics scheme is based on Lin et al. (1983) as modified by the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Modeling Group (Tao and Simpson, 1993; Braun and Tao, 2000). It includes six classes of water species representing water vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow and hail. The size distributions of the precipitating species (rain, snow and hail) are assumed to follow an exponential distri...

Sooyoung Kim Shin et al. 31 In high-speed multimedia satellite communication systems, it is essential to provide high-quality, economical services by using efficient transmission schemes which can overcome channel impairments appearing in the satellite link. This paper introduces techniques to compensate for rain attenuation and the Doppler shift in the satellite communication link. An adaptive...

To monitor their networks, road operators equip them with cameras. Degraded meteorological conditions alter the transport system operation by modifying the behavior of drivers and by reducing the operation range of the sensors. A vision-based traffic monitoring system is proposed to take fog and rain into account and react accordingly. A background modeling approach, based on a mixture of gauss...

Water and nutrient availability for crop production are critical issues in (semi)arid regions. Unsaturated-zone Cl tracer data and nutrient (NO3 and PO4) concentrations were used to quantify recharge rates using the Cl mass balance approach and nutrient availability in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India. Soil cores were collected in dune/interdune settings in the arid Thar Desert (near Jaisalmer...

Measurements of rain attenuation over an earth-space path at Kolkata (22°34' N, 88°29' E), India, have been carried out since June 2004 by receiving a Ku-band signal from the satellite NSS-6 (geostationary at 95 E). The instantaneous attenuations are estimated from the point rain rates measured with an optical raingauge and using the Simple Attenuation Model (SAM). The estimated values closely ...

A comprehensive hydroclimatic data set is presented for the 2011 water year to improve understanding of hydrologic processes in the rain–snow transition zone. This type of data set is extremely rare in scientific literature because of the quality and quantity of soil depth, soil texture, soil moisture, and soil temperature data. Standard meteorological and snow cover data for the entire 2011 wa...