Introduction: Very low, Low and Medium X-ray machines are used extensively for Superficial Radiation Therapy mostly used for Basal Cell, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma skin cancers. In most of cases, Superficial X-ray Therapy (SXRT) is preferred to Electron beams generated using a linear accelerator. SXRT tube characteristics may vary with the use of the machine for a lo...

We present a novel slanted faces of thin-disk composite Yb:YAG YAG laser which is side-pumped by four non-symmetric hollow- ducts. The pump light distribution in the disk is modeled by using Monte-Carlo ray tracing method. The temperature distribution inside the crystal is calculated by taking into account either the concentration of Yb+3 ion or the different transmission of laser output coupl...

Femtosecond hard X-ray pulses generated by laser-driven plasma sources are eminently suitable to probe structural dynamics due the angstrom spatial resolution and sub-picosecond time resolution. However, insufficient flux of photons high pulse-to-pulse instability compared with large-scale ultrashort source, such as free-electron laser synchrotrons, largely restricts its applications. In this w...

To render an object by ray tracing, one or more rays are shot from the viewpoint through every pixel of the image plane. For reflective and refractive objects, especially for multiple levels of reflections and/or refractions, this requires many expensive intersection calculations. This paper presents a new method for accelerating ray-tracing of reflective and refractive objects by substituting ...

Introduction Superficial X-ray therapy is one of the most important treatment methods in radiotherapy especially in the treatment of superficial skin lesions (Up to 300 kVp). Quality of the X-ray beam that can be expressed by Half-Value Layer (HVL), are important indices for this type of treatment effective energy of photon and Homogeneity Coefficient (HC). Materials and Methods The HC of the s...