The Laramide orogeny is the Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene (80^55 Ma) orogenic event that gave rise to the Rocky Mountain fold and thrust belt in Canada, the Laramide block uplifts in the USA, and the Sierra Madre Oriental fold and thrust belt in Mexico. The leading model for driving Laramide orogenesis in the USA is flat-slab subduction, whereby stress coupling of a subhorizontal oceanic slab t...

At two trench segments below the Andes, the Nazca Plate is subducting sub-horizontally over ∼200-300 km, thought to result from a combination of buoyant oceanic-plateau subduction and hydrodynamic mantle-wedge suction. Whether the actual conditions for both processes to work in concert existed is uncertain. Here we infer from a tectonic reconstruction of the Andes constructed in a mantle refere...

The dynamics of flat subduction, particularly the interaction between a flat slab and the overriding plate, are poorly understood. Here we study the (seismically) anisotropic properties and deformational regime of the mantle directly above the Peruvian flat slab. We analyze shear wave splitting from 370 local S events at 49 stations across southern Peru. We find that the mantle above the flat s...

Both experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) was used to study the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) interior slab-column connection made with pyramid-shaped drop panel subjected vertical horizontal loads. The dimensions models at “¼ ” linear scale for laboratory testing FE Analysis are derived from rules column drops, given a prototype “9.60m” grid slab thickness “320mm”. Lab...

The transfer of large volumes fluid to the overriding lithosphere during flat-slab subduction should drastically alter physical and chemical properties continental margins. However, this process is poorly understood without active magmatism, direct evidence for has remained elusive in modern systems. New helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) gas species abundances thermal springs above Peruvian flat ...

The analysis of magmatic distribution, basin formation, tectonic evolution and structural styles of different segments of the Andes shows that most of the Andes have experienced a stage of flat subduction. Evidence is presented here for a wide range of regions throughout the Andes, including the three present flat-slab segments (Pampean, Peruvian, Bucaramanga), three incipient flat-slab segment...

Terrorist attacks on vulnerable structures and their individual structural members may cause considerable damage and loss of life. However, the research work on response and damage analysis of single structural components, for example, a slab to blast loadings, is limited in the literature and this is necessary for assessing its vulnerability. This study investigates the blast response and dama...

The voided slab system has been known as an effective technique to replace a heavy reinforced concrete without the decrease in flexural strength. However, according previous studies, capacities such strength, stiffness and ductility of slabs were practically lower than that solid depending on void shapes details. Therefore, this study, analytical experimental study conducted derive optimal shap...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Southern Peru is located in the northern Central Andes, which is the highest plateau along an active subduction zone. In this region, the Nazca slab changes from normal to flat subduction, with the associated Holocene volcanism ceasing above the flat subduction regime. We use 6 s to 67 s period surface wave signals from ambient noise cross-correlations and ...