Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) cover a wide range of well-known NP-hard problems where the aim is to serve a set of customers with a fleet of vehicles under certain constraints. Literature contains several approaches -coming from different fields like Operations Research, Artificial Intelligence and Computer Sciencewhich try to get good (near-optimal) solutions for small-, midand large-size in...

applicable executive orders and statutory provisions as follows: 1. Executive Order 18266: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulations and Regulatory Review The Office of Management and Budget has exempted this rule from its review This rule does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C....

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, as amended, established three key requirements governing the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. First, under the land disposal requirements, this waste usually must be treated to minimize threats to human health and the environment before it is disposed of on land. Second, under the minimum technology requirements, cer...

M &i We a InnovatIo Alternatives to Incineration: There's More Than One Way to Remediate Hazardous waste is everywhere. It comes from paints, motor oil, hair spray, household cleaners, automotive chemicals, and all kinds of toxic medical, industrial and military products. Most industrial processes-from which come cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, computers and garden pesticides-generate wastes tha...

The low-level salt waste (LAW) associated with the production of nuclear materials at US Department of Energy (DOE) facilities will be disposed of in shallow land burial sites managed by the DOE. Two of the primary contaminants of interest are Tc-99 and I-129, both soluble and long-lived radionuclides. Cs-137, a short-lived, strong gamma emitter is also a soluble contaminant of concern. In addi...

The environmental problems of the United States and the European nations have generated a dynamic body of literature in legal and economic research. One of the most significant branches of this research has been the analysis of strict liability versus ex post negligence standards, and the sharing of damages under each regime, when the level of prospective environmental damages can be estimated ...