To cite: Smith L. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 2013, 39, 58–59. DEFINITION OF RAPE The Oxford Dictionary gives a definition of the word ‘rape’ as: “late Middle English (originally denoting violent seizure of property, later carrying off a woman by force): from Anglo-Norman French rap (noun), raper (verb), from Latin rapere ‘seize’ ”. This definition shows that rape ha...

The article considers the confirmation of Kazakh khans as subjects Russian Empire. implementation institute has become a new tool Russia’s influence on elite. publication allows us to imagine how border officials tried introduce mechanisms control over Kazakhs. lack military and political resources forced administrators use symbolic in their relations with One these, along oath, was ruler by kh...

The scenario was aggravated by the entry of western capitalism. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, the import of goods from abroad, especially opium, had risen steeply compared to exports. Thus the balance of trade went against China. The import hike was met by the export of large quantities of silver from China to other countries. Before the beginning of the nineteenth century, tael...

The relevance of this article is determined by the desirability and even, speaking more directly, need for a further, source-based, expanded theoretically grounded study role Kalmyk Khanate in Russia’s eastern policy, especially eighteenth century, when khanate was at its peak. This important not only history people proper, but also studying highlighting participation peoples that were part Rus...

One of our first priorities, after the first week of the December 2008 rebellion had passed, was to record its most important events so that comrades abroad could have some first-hand information. The recording took the form of a rough chronology of the events in Athens, supplemented with a chronology of what had happened in Thessaloniki which was written by the Blaumachen group and other comra...

Among the rare materials of Department Manuscripts National Library France (Bibliotheque nationale de France. Departement des Manuscrits. Supplement turc 515) there is a small chronicle anonymous author dating back to era Crimean Khanate. The manuscript provided with description: “The history khans from 880 1191 Hegira (1475–1777), without title and name author. epigraph read on front side firs...