Protein Z deficiencies have recently been described in women with unexplained early fetal loss. Using a new, specifically elaborated, commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we performed a case-control study on anti-protein Z immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies in 191 nonthrombotic, nonthrombophilic women with consecutive pathologic pregnancies. Levels of anti-pr...

Endocrine disorders play a major role in approximately 8% to 12% of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Indeed, the local hormonal milieu is crucial in both embryo attachment and early pregnancy. Endocrine abnormalities, including thyroid disorders, luteal phase defects, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinaemia and diabetes have to be evaluated in any case of RPL. Moreover, elevated androgen ...

BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying early reproductive loss in the human are beginning to be elucidated. The migratory and invasive capacity of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) is increasingly recognized to contribute to the intense tissue remodelling associated with embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion and endometrial regeneration. In this review, we examine the signals and mechanisms ...

“There is many a slip twist the cup and lip” proverb that dates back to 3rd century. This comes mind while writing review on pregnancy loss; so complications can occur between fertilization development of embryo through long period gestation until successful delivery baby. These include failure implantation embryo, spontaneous miscarriage in first trimester, pre-eclampsia second premature ruptu...

Background: The role of apolipoprotien E polymorphisms do not diagnostic correctly in recurrent pregnancy loss etiology but Apo E has been shown to play an important role in lipid metabolism in pregnancy. We evaluated these polymorphisms in Iranian women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Materials and Methods: 5 ml Blood were sampling from 81 women with a history of two or more consecu...

Recurrent pregnancy loss is usually defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation, which occurs in approximately 5% of reproductive-aged women. It has been suggested that women with thrombophilia have an increased risk of pregnancy loss and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thrombophilia is an important predisposition to blood clot formation and is cons...

Zusammenfassung 1 bis 3 % aller Paare im fortpflanzungsfähigen Alter erleiden einen wiederholten Spontanabort (WSA). Es werden viele ursächliche Faktoren diskutiert, doch bleibt die Ursache in einem erheblichen Teil der Fälle ungeklärt. Die wissenschaftliche Datenlage hinsichtlich Diagnose- und Behandlungsstrategien ist nach wie vor unzureichend, was für oftmals eine psychische Belastung Ärztin...

this study was conducted in order to investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) rs2305957 g/a and recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) in a group of palestinian women residing in gaza strip. a retrospective case-control study was carried out during the period of may to august 2015. a total of 380 females including 190 recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) patients and 190 c...