Initiator tRNAs are used exclusively for initiation of protein synthesis and not for the elongation step. We show, in vivo and in vitro, that the primary sequence feature that prevents the human initiator tRNA from acting in the elongation step is the nature of base pairs 50:64 and 51:63 in the TpsiC stem of the initiator tRNA. Various considerations suggest that this is due to sequence-depende...

Impairment of energy metabolism is a hallmark of brain aging and several neurodegenerative diseases, such as the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ageand disease-related hypometabolism is commonly associated with oxidative stress and they are both regarded as major contributors to the decline in synaptic plasticity and cognition. Neuroinflammatory changes, entailing microglial activation and elevated e...

The initiator element of the adenovirus type 2 IVa2 promoter is sufficient to direct accurate initiation by RNA polymerase II. Analysis of the effects of substitution of specific base pairs on initiator activity in in vitro transcription systems indicated that specific sequences between positions -4 and +5 were essential for initiator activity. Mutations that impaired or eliminated initiator ac...

The Mn(III)-initiated aerobic oxidation of heterocyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, such as 4-alkyl-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones, 1,3-dialkylpyrrolidine-2,4-diones, 3-alkyl-1,5-dimethylbarbituric acids, and 3-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-quinolinone gave excellent to good yields of the corresponding hydroperoxides, which were gradually degraded by exposure to the metal initiator after the reaction to...

We report on the formation of hydrogel layers on conducting substrates via a simple electrochemical route. Free-radical polymerization is initiated by an electron transfer from the substrate to a redox-active initiator. Gels of the thermally responsive material poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (p-NIPAM) with a thickness between 25 and 250 nm were produced and characterized. The gels adhere well to th...

Abstract Slow-release polycarboxylate superplasticizer was synthetic under room-temperature conditions, a free radical copolymerization reaction occurred the action of redox initiator, and optimal preparation process temperature effect were discussed in detail. The results show that best (EP-15) is: acid-to-ether ratio is 1.89, amount NaH 2 PO 2.27%, appropriate 15-25°C, suitable macromonomer E...