introduction: this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of referred pain with pulpal source in the head, face and neck region among patients referred to dental school of shahid beheshti university mc, tehran, iran in 2004. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, 100 patients (55 males and 45 females) referred to oral medicine department of shahid beheshti dental school ev...

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and prompt initiation of effective treatment rely on access to rapid and reliable drug-susceptibility testing. Efficient specimen transport systems and appropriate training on specimen referral contribute to optimal and timely access to tuberculosis diagnostic services. METHODS With support and technical assistance from a public-private...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether women with hypovolemic shock secondary to obstetric hemorrhage are transported to referral hospitals differently depending on weeks of pregnancy in Zambia. METHODS In a retrospective study, transport type, wait time, and transit time were assessed for women with obstetric hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock transported from 26 primary health centers to three referral...

BACKGROUND The Ghana Community based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) strategy targets to bring health services to the doorsteps of clients in a manner that improves maternal and child health outcomes. In this strategy, referral is an important component but it is threatened in a rural context where transportation service is a problem. Few studies have examined perceptions of rural dwellers ...

The aim of this study was to describe perceptions of maternal referrals in a rural district in Tanzania. Focus group discussions (FGDs) with health workers and community members, stratified by age and gender, were conducted. The FGDs revealed that husbands and relatives are the decision makers in maternal referrals, whereas the women had limited influence, especially on emergency referrals. The...

determination of pre-hospital delay time of patients with acute myocardial infarction and seeking ways of speeding up the time for reperfusion is an important factor to lower mortality in these patients. this is a cross-sectional study to determine pre-hospital delay time, its components, and related causes and conditions, obtained in 375 patients with prolonged chest pain referred to four hosp...

introduction: the family physician program is one of the most important plans for increasing the equitable access and affordable health services. this study aimed to examine the performance of urban family physicians and associated factors in the third year of its implementation. method: a cross-sectional study was conducted on all family physicians (31 persons) working in the private and publi...

BACKGROUND Obstetric referrals, otherwise known as maternal referrals constitute an eminent component of emergency care, and key to ensuring safe delivery and reducing maternal and child mortalities. The efficiency of Obstetric referral systems is however marred by the lack of accessible transportation and socio-economic disparities in access to healthcare. This study evaluated the role of soci...

The associations of hospital morbidity with occupation were studied in Western Australian men of working age in 1981-2. Data on hospital morbidity were derived from a population based system that covered all short stays in hospitals in the state. Occupations were grouped into 12 major categories and conditions were coded using the International Classification of Diseases. Armed services personn...

This study compares the inter hospital long distance transports undertaken by a qualified transport team versus those done by other means. This was a retrospective descriptive comparative study of the neonatal transports done during a period of 33 months from various maternity and pediatric centers to a pediatric tertiary referral centre. We found that biochemical and temperature disturbances a...