background: the latest who report indicates that refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment throughout the world. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in 7 yr old children in iran. methods : in a cross-sectional study in 2013 with multistage cluster sampling, first graders were randomly selected from 8 cities in iran. all ...

purpose: to evaluate the role of active uveitis on refractive errors changes. methods: a cohort single group study was conducted on patients with acute or recurrent uveitis. cyclorefraction was performed in both phases of active and quiescent. sphere, cylinder and sphere equivalent power were compared in active and quiescent phases and analyzed statistically. results: sixty-six patients (eighty...

AIMS To survey level of blindness and low vision in Lebanon. METHODS A population survey was undertaken in 10,148 individuals to measure the prevalence and identify the causes of blindness in Lebanon. RESULTS The prevalence of blindness was 0.6% and that of low vision 3.9%. The major causes of blindness were cataract (41.3%) and uncorrected large refractive error (12.6%). CONCLUSION Most ...

AIMS To report the refractive error difference (RED) between parents and their children and the estimated single generational myopic shift in an urban area in China. METHODS 395 children aged 6-17 years and their parents, who had been enrolled in the Beijing Myopia Progression Study were included. Cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic refraction of the children and parents were performed, respectiv...

PURPOSE This study sought diurnal variations of eye length in human subjects, analogous to those reported in laboratory animals. METHODS Seventeen subjects, ages 7 to 53 (median 16) years and mean spherical equivalent refractive error -0.68 D (range, -3.00 to +1.00 D), underwent axial length measurements at multiple times during the day between 7 AM and 1 AM the following day, using partial c...

In this editorial by Lisa Keay and David S Friedman (BMJ 2011;343:d4793, doi:10.1136/bmj.d4793) the authors mixed up their workplace affiliations. The workplace affiliation for Lisa Keay should have been the one given for David S Friedman, and vice versa.

Previous investigations have reported considerable individual differences in the resting point of accommodation. Recent independent studies in Davis, Calif., and Cardiff, Wales, indicate that part of these variations are related to refractive errors. The average dioptric value of the resting point of accommodation is lowest for corrected myopes, highest for corrected hyperopes, and intermediate...