Population movements of 891 ethnic units in Europe over the past 4,200 years, and the correlations of these movements with modern genetic distances were investigated on a one-degree-square grid of the continent. There is significant spatial pattern in movements from sources, to targets, and overall. Patterns change significantly over time. Patterns of sources and targets differ significantly. M...

1. Previous studies in man have revealed a coupling between the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. In normal man, increases in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen leads to proportional increases in the rCBF(34). We have measured the rCBF as an expression of the level of cortical activity simultaneously from 254 cortical regions i...

Calls for the eradication of malaria require the development of global and regional strategies based on a strong and consistent evidence base. Evidence from the previous global malaria eradication program and more recent transborder control campaigns have shown the importance of accounting for human movement in introducing infections to areas targeted for elimination. Here, census-based migrati...

BACKGROUND Transboundary animal movements facilitate the spread of pathogens across large distances. Cross-border cattle trade is of economic and cultural importance in West Africa. This study explores the potential disease risk resulting from large-scale, cross-border cattle trade between Togo, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria for the first time. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A quest...

The coordinated and timed movements of human limbs require interactive cerebellar functions. We investigated the function of intercerebellar connectivity in controlling the movement speed of both hands with functional MRI experiments. Nine healthy, right-handed subjects performed finger movements at lower and higher speeds, as instructed. With finger movements at a higher speed, regional respon...

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or allodynia occurs in approximately 50% of patients because of the extended immobilization period [1]. Although immobilization is considered to be a cause of chronic pain, when pain is experienced, it is difficult to input afferent information from the periphery to the brain by forcibly performing movements. During the immobilization period, the way the br...