age-related macular degeneration (amd) is the leading cause of blindness in old subjects. it is a multifactorial disease with both environmental and genetic factors playing some role in its pathogenesis. similar to many other genetic diseases, the inheritance pattern of amd does not fit into simple mendelian rules. these diseases are caused by the presence of multiple genetic factors and are ca...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, degenerative and progressive chronic disease that leads to severe visual loss. The prevalence of early AMD accounts for 18% in the population between 65 74 years age even 30% subjects older than years. articles published last decade point out significant role oxidative stress onset development age-related degeneration. Generally, reactive oxy...

Purpose: To review drusen and sub retinal drusenoid deposits in age related macular degeneration as regards their pathogenesis, morphology, differentiation and their importance as regards the visual prognosis of age related macular degeneration (AMD). Results: Each type of drusen or drusenoid deposits has a different visual prognosis, and the differentiation of them using multimodal imaging tes...

Zwyrodnienie plamki związane z wiekiem (AMD, age-related macular degeneration) to obecnie główna przyczyna obniżenia ostrości wzroku, a nawet ślepoty w populacji osób powyżej 45. r.ż. Postępowanie lecznicze wysiękowej postaci AMD polega na jak najszybszym włączeniu terapii anty-VEGF iniekcji doszklistkowych. Od 2015 r. Polsce jest dostępny program lekowy dla pacjentów wysiękową postacią AMD. W ...

 Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in elderly population in the developing countries. Previous epidemiological studies revealed various potential modifiable risk factors for this disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AMD among elderly living in Babol, North of Iran.  Methods:  The study ...

We studied the macular pigment ocular density (MPOD) in patients with early age macular degeneration (AMD) before and 1 year after nutritional supplementation with lutein and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Forty-four patients with AMD were randomly divided into two groups that received placebo (n = 21) or a nutritional supplement (n = 23, 12 mg of lutein and 280 mg of DHA daily). Heterochromatic ...

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Current management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is directed at intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for the treatment of wet AMD and supplementation with oral antioxidants for the treatment of dry AMD. In this article, we will review recent clinical trials for the treatment of dry and wet AMD.

Background Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that are selectively taken up into the macula of the eye, where they may protect against development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Past studies have reported an agedependent decline of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in patients with AMD. In the present study we investigated the age-dependence of MPOD and melatonin using spect...