Examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of a disease. In ancient times the method of examination was by the usage of trividha pariksha, dasha vidha pariksha and ashta sthana pariksha. Ashta sthana pariksha represents the clinical assessment as well as the laboratory investigations of that period. Among the ashta sthana pariksha, mutra pariksha is one which proves to be an important...

This study examines the relation between the bid-ask spread from the daily CRSP data and the bid-ask spread from the intraday TAQ data. We show that the CRSP-based spread is highly correlated with the TAQ-based spread across stocks using data from 1993 through 2009. The simple CRSP-based spread provides a better approximation of the TAQ-based spread than all other low-frequency liquidity measur...

NIKUNJ KAPADIA is with the Isenberg School of Management at the University of Massachusetts. T he recent proliferation of hedge funds has brought to the forefront the types of trading strategies that distinguish hedge funds from the more conservative mutual funds. Two major sets of trading strategies have been in the spotlight: market-neutral trades, and trades that rely on the spread between t...