Meteorological data from stations around and within the Kaimai Ranges and data from temporary sites are used to characterise the climate of the ranges. Lowland climate is warm temperate with ample rainfall but the upland region is cooler, wetter and frequently enveloped in fog. Frequent fog plays an important part in the climate of upland regions. By modifying light, moisture and temperature re...

The campaign for community forestry in upland areas of northern Thailand reflects an ‘arborealised’ perspective on upland agriculture. Arborealisation – which I define as the process whereby upland livelihoods are recast as forest livelihoods – is evident in the main elements of NGO and academic advocacy for the resource rights of upland peoples. As a result of this arborealised perspective, se...

There is lack of adequate information on the fertility situations of the soils of Abakaliki urban flood plains. Farming activities have therefore been carried out on the surrounding uplands only. This study was therefore conducted in 2009 raining seasons, to evaluate the fertility status of the flood plains and compare it with the fertility of the uplands with a view to making recommendations f...

The tidal marshes of North America are home to a diverse collection of morphologically differentiated reptiles, birds, and mammals. We reviewed the existing molecular studies on endemic tidal-marsh vertebrates, including turtles, snakes, sparrows, rails, shrews, and rodents. We found both deep and shallow divergences from their nearest upland relatives in all geographic regions. In the Northeas...

The article provides a brief analysis of the history development and current state Russian-Turkish partnership within framework Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization, which can be considered functional area cooperation that uses convergence countries region by creating on various issues, such as production energy from underground resources strategic importance for region, agricultural tou...