The idea that symmetry in facial traits is associated with attractiveness because it reliably indicates good physiological health, particularly to potential sexual partners, has generated an extensive literature on the evolution of human mate choice. However, large-scale tests of this hypothesis using direct or longitudinal assessments of physiological health are lacking. Here, we investigate r...

A child's growth achievement is a useful indicator of his well-being and nutritional status. This can easily be assessed by comparing his growth parameters such as weight, length and head ci rcumference, with norms or standards derived from a relatively healthy population of genetically similar children. Such standards are essential to professionals working with children, for example paediatric...

W E appreciate the comments by Mendes de Leon (2007) regarding the challenges involved in using multilevel models to analyze aging effects in samples of older adults that combine multiple birth cohorts. The core argument in the latter portion of his commentary focuses on the advantages of using continuous, rather than categorical, outcome variables when analyzing aging-related change. We are in...

Many topics and techniques regarding asymptotic centers and asymptotic radius were studied by Edelstein 1 , Bose and Laskar 2 , Downing and Kirk 3 , Goebel and Kirk 4 , and Lan and Webb 5 . Now, We recall that definitions of asymptotic center and asymptotic radius. Let C be a nonempty subset of a Banach space X and {xn} a bounded sequence in X. Consider the functional ra ·, {xn} : X → R defined by

BACKGROUND Falls occur not only in the forward direction, but also to the side and backward. The purpose of this study was to develop a portable and valid tool to measure limits of stability in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. METHODS Two hundred fifty-four community-dwelling older persons were administered the Berg Balance Test (BBT), the Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), and th...

A set A of positive integers is relatively prime to n if gcd(A∪{n}) = 1. Given positive integers l ≤ m ≤ n, let Φ([l,m], n) denote the number of nonempty subsets of {l, l +1, . . . ,m} which are relatively prime to n and let Φk([l,m], n) denote the number of such subsets of cardinality k. In this paper we give formulas for these functions for the case l = 1. Intermediate consequences include id...

In this paper we study the basic questions of existence, uniqueness, differentiability, analyticity and computability of the one dimensional center manifold of a parabolic-hyperbolic fixed point of a real-analytic map. We use the parameterization method, reducing the dynamics on the center manifold to a polynomial. We prove that the asymptotic expansions of the center manifold are of Gevrey typ...