BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of maternal health care providers to pain relief during labor in Zaria, Nigeria. METHODS This was a multicenter, collaborative, cross-sectional pilot study of provider perspectives concerning pain relief during labor. A structured, self-administered, questionnaire was completed by 95 consenting maternal health care providers at ...

background acupuncture has recently received considerable attention around the world due to its cost-effectiveness, few side effects, and well-established analgesic properties. objectives the present study aimed to identify the factors that might lead to using acupuncture for pain relief. patients and methods this qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis method. the s...

Relief learning is an appetitive association of a formally neutral cue with relief induced by the offset of an aversive stimulus. Since the nucleus accumbens mediates relief learning and accumbal metabotropic glutamate receptors 7 (mGluR7) modulate appetitive-like processes, we hypothesized that accumbal mGluR7 may be involved in the modulation of relief learning. Therefore, we injected the all...

proper pain management, particularly postoperative pain management, is a major concern for clinicians as well as for patients undergoing surgery. although many advances have been made in the field of pain management, particularly during the past decades, not all patients achieve complete relief from postoperative pain. in this paper, we have emphasized the importance of postoperative analgesia ...

conclusions the study indicated advantages of this modified bier's block compared to the traditional one including ability to perform surgery on upper limb bones and considerable pain relief at surgical and tourniquet sites during the operation until one hour thereafter. results this study showed the presence of analgesia at surgical and tourniquet sites during the operation in 96% of patients,...

conclusion the severity and type of injury as well as the severity of pain were almost same in men and women. although men slightly received more intervention for pain relief, the response of pain relief was better in women. objectives this study was designed to evaluate the severity and management of pain in patients with limb trauma according to gender in patients referred to the emergency wa...

Reverse engineering of reliefs aims to turn an existing relief superimposed on an underlying surface into a geometric model which may be applied to a different base surface. Steps in this process include segmenting the relief from the background, and describing it as an offset height field relative to the underlying surface. We have previously considered relief segmentation using a geometric sn...

Thermal 15 was drilled in November, 1983, to a TD of 700 feet. A steam entry encountered at 490 feet was found to communicate with the highpermeability upflow zone of the Thermal Shallow Reservoir. A low-flowrate, higher-pressure steam entry at 600 feet was not detected while drilling but was indicated during a subsequent spinner survey. The pressure, flowrate, and enthalpy of the five wells co...

This thesis investigates packaging effects on precision bandgap voltage references used in LTC switching regulators. Packaging stress causes a mean offset and room temperature distribution widening of the bandgap reference output voltage, as well as inconsistent temperature characteristics. Bandgap references with and without a proprietary stress-relief mechanism were compared to determine the ...

Substantial amounts of debt relief have been granted to a set of low-income countries, as an alternative aid modality. Although the theoretical case for debt relief is firmly established, only empirical analysis can show whether debt relief is indeed a (more) effective mode of aid delivery. We investigate the linkages between debt relief and other fiscal variables such as current expenditure, g...