We have studied the effect of renal function on the pharmacodynamics of mivacurium. Sixty patients were allocated to three groups according to creatinine clearance: group C (control), creatinine clearance > 50 ml min-1; group P (preterminal renal failure), creatinine clearance < 50 ml min-1 > 20 ml min-1; group T(terminal renal failure), creatinine clearance < 20 ml min-1. Neuromuscular transmi...

Since low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are eliminated preferentially via the kidneys, the potential for accumulation of these agents (and an increased risk of bleeding) is of particular concern in populations with a high prevalence of renal impairment, such as the elderly and patients with cancer. The risk of clinically relevant accumulation of anticoagulant activity as a result of a reduc...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are no studies associating ventilatory mode effects on renal repercussions during pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed at evaluating pneumoperitoneum-induced renal hemodynamics and function changes in dogs under volume and pressure controlled ventilation. METHODS This study involved 16 dogs anesthetized with sodium thiopental and fentanyl, which were divided in t...

Organic anion transporters (OATs) are important in the renal secretion, and thus, the clearance, of many drugs; and their functional change can result in pharmacokinetic variability. In this study, we applied transport rates measured in vitro using OAT-transfected human embryonic kidney cells to predict human renal secretory and total renal clearance of 31 diverse drugs. Selective substrates to...

Organic anion transporters (OATs) are important in the renal secretion, and thus the clearance, of many drugs; and their functional change can result in pharmacokinetic variability. In this study, we applied transport rates measured in vitro using OAT-transfected human embryonic kidney cells to predict human renal secretory and total renal clearance of 31 diverse drugs. Selective substrates to ...

Nephrotoxicity is an important clinical side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide. This medication is activated by the hepatic cytochrome P450 system with potentially toxic metabolites produced through both ring hydroxylation and chloroethyl side chain oxidation pathways. Using an isolated perfused rat kidney preparation, we examined the possibility that renal metabolism of ifosfamid...

In this study, pindolol, a j-adrenoceptor blocking agent marketed as a racemic mixture, was used as a model compounpl to investigate stereoselective renal clearance of organic cations in human beings. Six normal subjects received an oral dose of 20 mg racemic pindolol. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured throughout the study. A stereospecific high performance liquid chromatographic proc...

Controversy persists regarding the role of tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal handling of digoxin. To determine the effect of reduction in renal perfusion pressure and blood flow on digoxin clearance during acute and chronic digoxin administration, renal clearances of digoxin and inulin were measured in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs before and after repeated unilateral renal arte...

Hippurate (HA) is a harmful uremic toxin that accumulates during chronic renal failure, and failure of the excretion system for uremic toxins is thought to be responsible. Recently, we reported that rat organic anion transporter 1 (rOat1) is the primary mediator of HA uptake in the kidney, and so now we have studied the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of HA after a single i.v. dose of ...