A healthy, pregnant Diceros bicornis (No. 29455), with histologically normal but relatively large kidneys containing a correspondingly large number of nephrons, died suddenly from an injury. Renal lobation was studied partly from serial transverse cuts across the kidney. The fibromuscular pelvic conduits, which are a craniocaudal bifurcation of the ureter, are associated with prominent longitud...

UNLABELLED We present a rare complex variation of the inferior vena cava and internal iliac veins demonstrated by a multidetector computed tomography. It was shown that patient had double inferior vena cava with azygos continuation of the right inferior vena cava, retroaortic left renal vein and the left and right internal iliac veins converged and drained to the right external iliac vein throu...

Introduction The large renal veins lie anterior to the renal arteries and open into the inferior vena cava almost at right angles. The left is three times of the right in length (7.5 cm and 2.5 cm). The left renal vein runs from its origin in the renal hilum, posterior to the splenic vein and the body of pancreas, and then across the anterior aspect of aorta. The left testicular or ovarian vein...

cytomegalovirus is the most common viral infection after kidney transplantation. clinical presentations of cytomegalovirus infection range from asymptomatic infection to organ-specific involvement. most symptomatic infections manifest as fever and cytopenia. the gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of tissue-invasive infection, often presenting as diarrhea or gastrointestinal bleeding...

The renal veins drain the kidney into the inferior vena cava and unite in a variable fashion to form the renal vein. The left renal vein is normally located in front of the aorta. However, the retro-aortic renal vein may course posterior to the aorta due to embryological developmental anomalies. During educational dissection, a rare variation of the left renal vein was found in a 66-year old ma...

Adrenal vein development in utero occurs concurrently with the development of the inferior vena cava, the renal veins, and the gonadal veins. The embryologic formation of these veins involves communication of various venous systems. Although the left adrenal-renal vein complex is most commonly described as a shared emptying of the left adrenal vein and the left inferior phrenic vein into the le...

The microcirculation of the bullfrog kidney was studied by scanning electron microscopy of the corrosion casts. The bullfrog kidney derives its blood supply from a dual origin: one is from the posterior half of the body via the renal portal veins and the dorso-lumbar veins, the other is from the urogenital arteries. The renal portal veins are linked with the hepatic portal system through the an...

The macroscopic features of the venous drainage of the reproductive system of the male ostrich were studied in six pre-pubertal and three sexually mature and active birds. Each testis was drained by one to four testicular veins. The right testicular veins drained the right testis and epididymis and its appendix to the caudal vena cava and to the right common iliac vein, whereas the left testicu...

21-year-old male presented with recently diagnosed metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumour and left orchidectomy. CT demonstrated mixed density in the inferior vena cava (IVC) extending from the union of the common iliac veins to the level of the liver just below the confluence of the hepatic veins. Retroperitoneal nodal disease and deposits in the left lung were suspicious for metastatic d...

OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of the use of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) to predict vascular anatomy in living kidney donors and to reveal the prevalence of vascular variations in a Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 153 living kidney donors that had undergone preoperative CT and nephrectomy, either with open or laparoscopic surgery, were selected retrospectively. The i...