BACKGROUND Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches that involve community and academic partners in activities ranging from protocol design through dissemination of study findings can increase recruitment of medically underserved and underrepresented racial/ethnic minority populations into biomedical research. METHODS Five cancer screening and prevention trials in three Nation...

This article describes the field of scalable nanomanufacturing, its importance and need, its research activities and achievements. The National Science Foundation is taking a leading role in fostering basic research in scalable nanomanufacturing (SNM). From this effort several novel nanomanufacturing approaches have been proposed, studied and demonstrated, including scalable nanopatterning. Thi...

In a context of increasing emphasis on academic performance and accountability, data from a structured survey in which academics elaborated on eight different attributes of high-performing researchers were used to build a conceptual model of research performance. From these data, research performance was seen to comprise two basic components, with six secondary level dimensions and a range of p...

Theories generate questions, which in turn generate findings, which in turn generate articles. Theories in health psychology have successfully generated research activity but with inconclusive results. Avenues for more fruitful exploration are described. One of these suggests that health psychology will alter its focus from the study of what is (description) to the study of what might be (expla...

Social environment factors are hypothesized to interact with individual-level factors to influence youth physical activity. Multilevel analytic approaches are ideal for examining the influence of the social environment on youth physical activity as they allow examination of research questions across multiple contexts and levels ( e.g., individual, family, and neighborhood levels).

Given the recent statistics showing that one out of every four Koreans is diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime, cancer is no doubt a major public health burden in Korea. In response to this, the Korean government has recently made a series of efforts to cope with this deadly disease, the most recent one of which is the legislation of the Cancer Control Act in 2003 and subsequent formulat...

Cost reduction for hosted and managed services is one of the key promises of Cloud Computing. Healthcare is one such example of managed services that can greatly benefit by a Cloud offering. However, there are many research challenges that need to be addressed before one can deliver a mature service. This chapter provides a summary of research activities in a variety of healthcare-related Cloud...

The authors critically examine a 1990 study by Alan W. Evans concerning the assumption of interregional equilibrium in recent migration research. "We here argue that Evans is unconvincing in his primary substantive argument; we provide an alternative reading of the literature that supports this assertion....[We then illustrate] the substantive issues in terms of a simple formal model that allo...

In the current professional climate, research activities are highly valued with nurses in all sectors actively encouraged to participate. However, working environments for many nurses are such that it can be difficult to privilege research activities in any sustained way. A number of organisational challenges coalesce to impede participation in research activities, including limited resources, ...

Concern about the economic consequences of the aging of the United States population has prompted considerable research activity during the past two decades. Economists have carefully examined retirement patterns and trends, and sought to identify and measure the determinants of the timing of retirement by older workers. Much of the published retirement research is fairly technical by nature an...