the goal of human development as can be understood by concept is to benefit every person in his / her life. it means improvement in living quality & standards. while the extension of employment and increasing of income are necessary , they are not the goals of development, but means to extend human development. the goal of development is to grow and extend of human abilities. human development ...

Resource-based theory views the firm as a bundle of resources administrated and coordinated by managers. We introduce the theoretical lens of Penrose effect to IS research, which refers to the fact that finite managerial capacities will suffer if the complexity of resource coordination is high. Therefore, although investment in knowledge-related assets, such as information technology (IT) and h...

We consider a simple political-economic model where capitalist investment is constrained by the government's temptation to expropriate. Political liberalization can relax this constraint, increasing the government's revenue, but also increasing the ruler's political risks. We analyze the ruler's optimal liberalization, where our measure of political liberalization is the probability of the rule...

This paper applies real options theory to establish an overseas oil investment evaluation model that is based on Monte Carlo simulation and is solved by the Least Squares Monte-Carlo method. To better reflect the reality of overseas oil investment, our model has incorporated not only the uncertainties of oil price and investment cost but also the uncertainties of exchange rate and investment en...

The study of memory for event duration in pigeons has, for the most part, centered on an unusual behavioral phenomenon and an interesting theoretical explanation for it. A typical experiment on memory for event duration involves trials initiated by a sample stimulus that is either short or long in duration (e.g., 2 vs. 10 sec of houselight) and that is later followed by the simultaneous present...

This paper considers firms’ incentives to invest in local and flexible resources when demand is uncertain and correlated. I find that market power of the monopolist providing flexible resources leads to underinvestment in the flexible resource and overinvestment in the local resource. Moreover, investment responds to demand correlation differently under monopoly and social optimum. This implies...

We examine how time-consuming resource accumulation influences the classic strategy trade-off between commitment and flexibility. In particular, using 1975–95 data from the worldwide petrochemical industry, we study the impact of new plants’ time-to-build on firms’ decisions to invest under uncertainty. Our results suggest a nontrivial positive effect of resource accumulation lags on investment...

On the timing of non-renewable resource extraction with regime switching prices This paper develops a model of a profit maximizing firm with the option to exploit a nonrenewable resource, choosing the timing and pace of development. The resource price is modelled as a regime switching process, which is calibrated to oil futures prices. A HamiltonJacobi-Bellman equation is specified that describ...