one of the most important issues about production structure and measurement of factors utilization in industry is the study of substitutability among the production factors. while, energy, for its particular features like finite and the direct relationship between energy usage and air pollution; and specifically abundance of energy resources and allocation of subsidies to different energy carri...

The integration of intermittent resources of power generation, such as wind and solar, will lead to unprecedented energy price fluctuations and increasing price uncertainty. Besides improving forecasting, electricity retailers can meet this challenge by partly adopting the demand side of the electricity markets to the fluctuating supply side. The necessary communication infrastructure for this ...

We describe a method to generate statistical models of electricity demand from Commercial and Industrial (C&I) facilities including their response to dynamic pricing signals. Models are built with historical electricity demand data. A facility model is the sum of a baseline demand model and a residual demand model; the latter quantifies deviations from the baseline model due to dynamic pricing ...

Over half of the total electricity consumption is used in buildings. Air-conditioning and electric lighting are the two main resources of electricity consumption in high rise buildings. One way to reduce electricity consumption would be to limit heat gain into buildings, therefore reduce the demand for air-conditioning during hot summer months especially in hot regions. On the other hand natura...

India is gifted with a rich and vast diversity of natural resources and water is one of them. It plays a vital role in agriculture production. The pumping of ground water to irrigate crops consumes about 50% of the ground water resources and around 35% of the electricity generated in the country. In order to meet the growth target for power availability, its entire requirement cannot come solel...

To improve peoples’ living conditions, Western African countries need to considerably reinforce their electricity supply infrastructures. Retrofitting the existing installations and constructing new generation and transmission facilities require significant financial resources which are very difficult to attract due to the countries specific economic and political conditions. This paper discuss...

The provision of reserves in power systems is of great importance in what concerns keeping an adequate and acceptable level of security and reliability. This need for reserves and the way they are defined and dispatched gain increasing importance in the present and future context of smart grids and electricity markets due to their inherent competitive environment. This paper concerns a methodol...

As a consequence of an increasing share of renewable energies, balancing electricity production and delivery requires efficient electricity markets. At the heart of electricity markets are Information Systems (IS) that coordinate demand and supply in real-time. IS has recently opened up an alternative towards increasing the efficiency of electricity markets by managing demand side resources; i....

Regardless of the form of restructuring, deregulated electricity industries share one common feature: the absence of any significant, rapid demand-side response to the wholesale (or, spot market) price. For a variety of reasons, electricity industries continue to charge most consumers an average cost based on regulated retail tariff from the era of vertical integration, even as the retailers th...