A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

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Abstract The goal of this chapter is to establish a framework evaluate imaging methodologies for all-optical neurophysiology experiments. This not an exhaustive review fluorescent indicators and modalities but rather aims distill the functional principles driving choice both. Scientific priorities determine whether strategy based on “optimal indicator” or modality.” first constrains second due ...

the purpose of the study was to identify the constrains affecting urban agriculture in tehran, iran. the statistical population of this study consisted of city dwellers within the 22 municipal districts of tehran out of which 320 individuals were selected as the sample of the study. cochran’s formula was used to determine the sampling size based on stratified sampling method. a panel of experts...

It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...