An analysis of the climate parametrization scheme adopted by conventional forest gap models revealed that most models assume a constant climate and are difficult to calibrate consistently. Tree growth showed unrealistically sensitive threshold effects along ecological gradients of temperature and precipitation. A new parametrization was compared with its predecessors in terms of the model's cap...

BACKGROUND Pay for performance (P4P) schemes have become increasingly popular innovations in primary care and have generated questions about their effect on improving quality of care. AIMS To provide a brief outline of the international evidence on the relationship between P4P schemes and quality improvement. METHOD We conducted a literature search using relevant databases and reference lis...

in current study, seven organic fertilizers including; leaf mold (lm), rice husk (rh), manure, spent mushroom compost (smc), mixture of lm, rh and smc (m 1), mixture of lm, rh and manure (m 2) with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer) along with some levels of soil compactness comprising roller weights of 36, 56, 76 kilogram were used. treatments were applied in a strip plot design wi...

in order to compare of ecological management of weed control on economical income, yield and yield components of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and four replications was conducted in mahvelat of khorasan razavi province, iran. treatments consisted of weeding, harrowing, burning, two times weeding, weeding + harrowing, weeding + burning, har...

background: with the removal of antibiotic as growth promoters from poultry diets, it is of interest to investigate potential alternatives to maintain good growth performance and good intestinal microbial populations in these birds. numerous additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes and herbal extracts used extensively in poultry feed. objective: the study was conducted t...