A secondary data analysis using the Global Status Report on Road Safety (GSRRS) was carried out to assess the epidemiology of road traffic injuries (RTIs) and preventive strategies in the Eastern Mediterranean egion (EMR). EMR countries ranked equal first in the world for the highest number of fatalities due to RTIs (32.2 per 100 000 population). The region had about 4% of the world's vehicles ...

OBJECTIVE Because of risks from deploying airbags to children in front seats, extensive publicity has been aimed at getting them restrained and in rear seats. The objective of this study was to assess restraint use and seating positions among children in vehicles with and without airbags. METHOD Surveys were conducted in cities in Michigan, North Carolina, and Texas 1998. Restraint use and se...

OBJECTIVE to examine parents' use of child restraint systems (CRS), and determine if parents' knowledge of, attitude toward, and use behavior of child restraint systems have improved following enactment of child restraint use laws in other cities. DESIGN Observations and a cross-sectional survey of drivers transporting children 17 years and under were conducted at the gate of the schools and ...

BackgroundNurses are primarily for the care of patients and should ensure that physical restraint, which has many negative consequences, be applied according to standard practice. Therefore, they have knowledge about restraint apply by observing existing laws ethical principles. This study aimed determine level, attitude practices pediatric nurses on identify factors influencing use. MethodsA c...

OBJECTIVE To identify strengths and weaknesses in community based child passenger safety programs by developing a scoring instrument and conducting observations of child restraint use in three Native American communities. SETTING The three communities are autonomous Tribal reservations in the Pacific Northwest. Their per capita incomes and rates of unemployment are comparable. METHODS In ea...

OBJECTIVES To increase booster seat use among low income parents. DESIGN/METHODS A pre-test/post-test design conducted in nine daycare centers with post-test observations four to eight weeks after the intervention. INTERVENTION Parents who participated in an educational training received free seats, educational programs were provided to all daycare staff and children, and signs in parking l...

BACKGROUND Navajo motor vehicle mortality is the highest among the 12 Indian Health Service (IHS) administrative areas. In July 1988, the Navajo Nation enacted a primary enforcement safety belt use and a child restraint law. OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of the laws on the rate and severity of pediatric (0-19 years) motor vehicle injury resulting in hospitalizations in the Navajo Nation. METH...

Protecting children in motor vehicles with safety seats and seat belts has become a national priority. Since the first child restraint legislation enacted by Tennessee in 1978, 49 states have adopted similar requirements.l Mandatory child restraint laws are a practical approach to reducing injuries and deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents, the leading cause of death and injury to young chil...

the effects of some histaminergic agents were evaluated on stress- induced immunosuppression in immunized nale rats. in rat immunized with sheep red blood cells ( srbcs). restraint stress (rs) prevented the booster-induced rise in anti-srbc antibody titre and cell immunity response. intracerebroventicular (i.c>v) injection of histamine (150 µg/rat) induced a similar effect with rs. pretreatment...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of seating position, combined with restraint use and airbag status, on children's risk of dying in crashes. METHODS Using 1988-95 data from the United States Fatality Analysis Reporting System, risk of death was compared among front and rear seated passengers aged 12 and younger who were involved in fatal crashes for different categories of restraint use an...