Retinoic acid constantly undergoes structural inter-conversions among the geometrical isomers (all-trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 11-cis-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid and 9-13-di-cis-retinoic acid) by photoisomerization under natural light. Geometric isomers of retinoic acid thus formed showed different effects on human epidermal keratinocyte growth and differentiation. The abi...

objectives: geographic tongue or migratory glossitis is an inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology. considering the accompanied burning pain, taste dysfunction, and lack of definite cure, it is important to treat this condition symptomatically. the objective of the current study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of 0.05% retinoic acid and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide with that of...

background: mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are multipotent cells that can be collected from different sources. under specific conditions, mscs can be differentiated to tissue specific cells in vitro. human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucmscs) can easily be harvested and cultured in in vitro conditions. production of germ cells from mesenchymal stem cells is a very interesting and prom...

patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (aml) with monosomy 7 are a group of patients with refractory aml who have a very poor prognosis. therefore, rationally designed new therapies, including metronomic chemotherapy regimen with histidine deacetylase inhibitors (valporic acid, atra) are being investigated as potential treatments for the population of refractory cases of aml. herein, we repo...

introduction: retinoic acid (ra), one of the syntetic vitamin a derivatives which has been frequently used as a drug to treat face acne, is known to have specific side effects on the testis, liver, and spleen, it is also known as an oxidative agent in high doses. therefore, we have tried to find a compound which would decrease its side effects. curcumin which is found in the rhizome of turmeric...

Introduction: Embryonic Stem (ES) cells as pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastula can differentiate to neural cells in vitro and this property is valuable in studies of neurogenesis and in the generation of donor cells for transplantation. In this regard, the propose of this research, was the study of the role of two important factors in the development of neural syst...

background: recent publications about differentiation of stem cells to germ cells have motivated researchers to make new approaches to infertility. in vitro production of germ cells improves understanding differentiation process of male and female germ cells. due to the problem of using embryonic stem cells (esc), it’s necessary the mentioned cells be replaced with some adult multi-potent stem ...

Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, plays essential signaling roles in mammalian embryogenesis. Nevertheless, it has long been recognized that overexposure to vitamin A or retinoic acid causes widespread teratogenesis in rodents as well as humans. Although it has a short half-life, exposure to high levels of retinoic acid can disrupt development of yet-to-be formed organs, includi...