retrotransposons (rtns) constitute informative molecular markers for plant species because of their ability to integrate into a multitude of loci throughout the genome and thereby generate insertional polymorphisms between individuals. in the present study, rtn-based molecular markers, irap (inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism) and remap (retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymo...

Methods We described the biogeographical provinces of lower Mesoamerica (LMA) using presence/absence data of primary and secondary LMA freshwater fishes. We conducted subsequent analyses at the spatial resolution of the biogeographical provinces and described patterns of community composition, species richness, endemism, range size, and the permeability of dispersal barriers between biogeograph...

iPBS retrotransposon markers, in other words, inter-primer binding site markers based on retrotransposon, have been helpful for the determination of genetic diversity several plants. The study was evaluated using 10 molecular level and structure alfalfa genotypes. A total 280 alleles 50 genotypes (48 local 2 commercial varieties) were obtained by 267 polymorphic with an average 28 per locus, ra...

Maintenance of genome integrity in germ cells is crucial for the success of future generations. In Drosophila, and mammals, transposable element activity in the germline can cause DNA breakage and sterility. Recent studies have shown that proteins involved in piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNA) biogenesis are necessary for retrotransposon silencing in the Drosophila germline. Females mutant for genes ...

Hybridization is a natural phenomenon that has been linked in several organismal groups to transposable element derepression and copy number amplification. A noteworthy example involves three diploid annual sunflower species from North America that have arisen via ancient hybridization between the same two parental taxa, Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris. The genomes of the hybrid species hav...

The factors guiding retrotransposon insertion site preference are not well understood. Different types of retrotransposons share common replication machinery and yet occupy distinct genomic domains. Autonomous long interspersed elements accumulate in gene-poor domains and their nonautonomous short interspersed elements accumulate in gene-rich domains. To determine genomic factors that contribut...

One subset of sequences present within mammalian genomes is the retroelements, which include endogenous retroviruses and retrotransposons. While there are typically thousands of copies of endogenous retroviruses within mammalian hosts, almost no LTR-retrotransposon-like sequences have been identified. Here, we report the presence of a remarkably intact and conserved gypsy-type LTR-retrotranspos...

Here we report that transcriptional effects of the insertion of a retrotransposon can occur simultaneously both upstream and downstream of the insertion site. We have identified an intra-cisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon in intron 6 of a gene that we have named Cabp (CDK5 activator binding protein). The presence of the IAP is associated with an aberrant transcript initiating from a cry...

Retrotransposons contribute significantly to the size, organization, and genetic diversity of their host genomes. To characterize novel retrotransposon families in pigeonpea and develop retrotransposon-based sequence-specific amplification polymorphic markers, in silico homology sequence search was carried out against the whole genome shotgun sequence of pigeonpea variety Asha (ICPL87119). For ...

Retrotransposon or retrotransposon-like sequences have been reported to be conserved components of cereal centromeres. Here we show that the published sequences are derived from a single conventional Ty3-gypsy family or a nonautonomous derivative. Both autonomous and nonautonomous elements are likely to have colonized Poaceae centromeres at the time of a common ancestor but have been maintained...