The produced electric and magnetic fields due to lightning strikes to mountainous ground are determined in this paper. For the sake of simplicity a cone-shaped ground with finite conductivity is assumed to represent a natural nonflat ground. By this assumption, we deal with an axillary symmetrical structure so we use the cylindrical 2D-FDTD to save the simulation memory and time, dramatically. ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few studies have identified factors that predict return to work after stroke in Japan. Our aim in this study was to determine the predictors of return to work after stroke in Japan. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study on the association between patients' characteristics at admission and return to work in 230 first-stroke patients, adjusting for potential c...

OBJECTIVE This study examined clinical, functional, and occupational factors associated with return to work within 18 months after stroke, specifically focusing on the impact of higher cortical dysfunction on return to work in the chronic phase. METHODS This prospective cohort study in 21 hospitals specializing in clinical and occupational health recruited consecutive working-age inpatients r...

OBJECTIVES To determine which early modifiable factors are associated with younger stroke survivors' ability to return to paid work in a cohort study with 12-months of follow-up conducted in 20 stroke units in the Stroke Services NSW clinical network. PARTICIPANTS Were aged >17 and <65 years, recent (within 28 days) stroke, able to speak English sufficiently to respond to study questions, and...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few data exist on the determinants of return to paid work after stroke, yet participation in employment is vital to a person's mental well-being and role in society. This study aimed to determine the frequency and determinants of return to work, in particular the effect of early psychiatric morbidity, in a population-based study of stroke survivors. METHODS The third Au...

Four classes of models of the lightning return stroke are reviewed. These four classes are: 1) the gas dynamic models; 2) the electromagnetic models; 3) the distributed-circuit models; and 4) the “engineering” models. Validation of the reviewed models is discussed. For the gas dynamic models, validation is based on observations of the optical power and spectral output from natural lightning. Th...

[1] We test the two simplest and most conceptually different return stroke models, the transmission line model (TLM) and the traveling current source model (TCSM), by comparing the first microsecond of model-predicted electric and magnetic field wave forms and field derivative wave forms at 15 m and 30 m with the corresponding measured wave forms from triggered lightning return strokes. In the ...

[1] We examined data on 117 return strokes in 31 rocket‐and‐wire‐triggered lightning flashes acquired during experiments conducted from 1999 through 2004 at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing at Camp Blanding, Florida, in order to compare the peak currents of the lightning return strokes with the corresponding charges transferred during various time intervals within 1 m...