fab-less business model in semiconductor industry has led to serious concerns about trustworthy hardware. in untrusted foundries and manufacturing companies, submitted layout may be analyzed and reverse engineered to steal the information of a design or insert malicious trojans. understanding the netlist topology is the ultimate goal of the reverse engineering process. in this paper, we propose...

Rotating blades on helicopters experience reverse flow under high advance ratio conditions. Here, reverse flow is characterized by the flow traveling from the sharp trailing edge to the blunt leading edge. Uncertainty in the blade aerodynamic loads under these conditions has been a limitation during the design of high-speed rotorcraft. In this work, we hypothesize that the reverse flow over a y...

INTRODUCTION SWITCHING SEQUENCE A single resistor on-load tap changer comprising fixed contacts F1 and F2, transitional arcing contact T, main arcing contact M and bridging resistor R is shown in Fig. 1. A command initiates the switching operation from normal running position 1 to position 2, such that contact T starts to move left towards contact F2 (Fig. 1a). As T approaches F2 a recovery v...

Aortic stiffness determines the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and predicts the progressive decline of the GFR. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains obscure. Recent evidence has shown a close link between aortic stiffness and the bidirectional (systolic forward and early diastolic reverse) flow characteristics. We hypothesized that the aortic stiffening-induced renal d...